US President Donald Trump announced on Truth Social that his "Board of Peace" had reached a "historic agreement for the complete disarmament of Hamas and all other armed groups in Gaza," with Israeli forces to withdraw as disarmament proceeds and an International Stabilization Force to work with a new Palestinian police force [3][7][21]. Senior Hamas officials confirmed to AFP that an agreement had been reached on the group's weapons and a gradual Israeli withdrawal [1][6][30]. Board of Peace High Representative Nickolay Mladenov said an agreement on the decommissioning of weapons and civilian passage had been reached, emphasizing that Israeli withdrawal from occupied areas must progress simultaneously with disarmament [14]. Trump thanked mediators Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey for their roles in the negotiations [3][14].
The sequencing of disarmament versus Israeli withdrawal emerged as the central dispute. Hamas negotiator Ghazi Hamad stated that Hamas "will not take any action regarding disarmament prior to Israel's withdrawal from the Strip" and that Israel would have no role in the disarmament process, which would be handled by a Palestinian National Committee [4][9][13]. Hamad accused Israel of approximately 3,500 violations of the first phase of the Sharm el-Sheikh agreement [14][44]. Anonymous Israeli officials stated that Israel "demands the complete disarmament of Hamas, including the removal of weapons from Gaza and the complete demilitarisation of the Strip as a precondition for any process," and that the proposed terms were not satisfactory [5][7][13]. A US official acknowledged that Israel is "very sceptical that Hamas will disarm" but said the US is "very confident they will adhere to it" and that Trump would be "very, very disappointed" if Israel does not comply [9][13].
Senior White House and Board of Peace officials described the framework as a "historic breakthrough" built on "zero trust," with conditions, reciprocity, and verification rather than trust [31]. Russian Deputy Ambassador to the UN Anna Evstigneeva told the Security Council that the roadmap prepared by the Board of Peace envoy had so far failed to gain the support of Israel and Hamas [16]. Military analyst Nidal Abu Zaid distinguished between "inventory and storage" carried out by a third party and "disarmament" carried out by an enemy force, arguing that Palestinian factions "will never agree to that disarmament" [22]. Palestinian-American activist Ahmed Fouad Alkhatib cautioned that "there is no Hamas without weapons and armed resistance," and that a Palestinian police force and transitional government are months away, giving Hamas time to preserve its influence [8][25].
Palestinian Islamic Jihad stated that reports of an agreement between the factions and Israel are inaccurate and expressed reservations about the wording being circulated [22]. Fatah Secretary-General Jibril Rajoub backed the demand that all armed groups give up their weapons, stating "there is no room for militias and armed groups," but insisted the process be handled under Arab auspices, especially Egypt [32]. Among Gaza's civilian population, perspectives divided: displaced resident Jumaa Ramadan Abu Ammo said he lost his home and car and called on Hamas to accept the offer, stating "we are civilians and have nothing to do with armed resistance" [41]. Tribal leader Hajj Husni al-Mughni, head of the Supreme Council of Clans in Gaza and a member of the National Committee, stated that "any talk of disarming the resistance while the occupation and siege continue is rejected nationally and popularly" [42].
Separately, approximately 100 soldiers — though Ynetnews described the group as "dozens" — from the Givati Brigade's Tzabar Battalion walked out of the Sde Teiman base in southern Israel after their commander destroyed decorative signs connected to the battalion's veteran-junior tradition, leaving their weapons behind [33][34]. The IDF Spokesperson's Unit called the incident "inconsistent with the values of the IDF" and said it was being handled through command channels [33][34]. Givati Brigade Commander Col. Netanel Shamaka called it "a grave event that has no place in the IDF" [33]. Al Jazeera Arabic's coverage labeled the incident a "تمرد" (mutiny) and reported that the battalion was rendered non-operational while preparing to join military operations in Gaza [36]. Anadolu Agency's Turkish-language coverage called it an "isyan" (rebellion) and noted the base's notoriety for holding Palestinian detainees, described as "Israel's Guantanamo" [45].
The UN Human Rights Office warned that settler violence in the West Bank has hit an all-time high, with 1,835 attacks recorded in 2025 and a trajectory toward over 2,000 in 2026 [35]. OHCHR spokesperson Ravina Shamdasani stated that settlers carry out attacks often in cooperation with security forces, expressed alarm at Israeli government announcements to increase settlements and outposts accompanied by "open calls by Israeli leaders for revenge and collective punishment," and called on third states to act to end the occupation [35][37]. UN Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process Ramiz Alakbarov stated that "there is no military or violent solution to this conflict" [35]. China's UN mission urged full implementation of the ceasefire agreement, an immediate halt to settlement activities, and a two-state solution [43].
The disarmament announcement comes amid public disagreements between Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu over Iran and Lebanon strategy [24]. Trump reportedly rebuked Netanyahu during a phone call over continued military operations and declared that "Israel will not be bombing Lebanon any longer" [24]. Vice President JD Vance has favored de-escalation on the Iranian front, while Netanyahu has continued urging Washington to maintain maximum pressure on Iran [19][24]. Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz stated that "no one can tell us what to do" regarding responses to Iranian threats [24]. A US-brokered framework agreement between Israel and Lebanon, presented by Secretary of State Marco Rubio as paving the way toward "lasting peace and security," faces resistance within Lebanon's political system, where President Joseph Aoun is described as isolated, Prime Minister Nawaf Salam has distanced himself, and army chief Rodolphe Haykal was removed after openly criticizing the deal [19].
The Israeli security cabinet gave initial approval for a limited 200-troop International Stabilization Force deployment, with conditions excluding Indonesia and Turkey, while National Security Minister Ben Gvir voted against it [40]. Mladenov confirmed to the UN Security Council that Indonesia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, and Albania have committed troops to the force [39]. Sources estimate a timeline of 200 to 350 days for the full disarmament undertaking, with further progress expected in one to two months [20].