Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan Sign Makkah Joint Defence Agreement

Criticises the pact, stating that a paper agreement with Turkey and Pakistan will not bring Saudi Arabia security, just as years of one-sided dependence on the Americans did not, and urges Saudi Arabia to reform its policies so it does not need to beg for security from others.

“"Saudis must know that a paper agreement with Türkiye and Pakistan will not bring them security, just as years of one-sided dependence on the Americans did not bring them security," he wrote. "Reform your policies so that you do not need to beg for security from others."”

Accuses Israel of trying to dynamite the US-Iran deal and says the war-addicted Israeli government must not be allowed to drown the region in gunpowder and blood again.

“"We are closely following the Israeli administration’s attempts to dynamite the (US-Iran) deal … The current war-addicted Israeli government must not be allowed to drown our geography in the smell of gunpowder and blood again," he said.”

Says the defence deal reflects a growing desire for greater regional strategic autonomy at a time when confidence in the existing security order has eroded, and notes the three countries share a state-centric view of regional stability.

“"The three countries also share a broadly state-centric view of regional stability. Despite their differences, they tend to see strong central governments, territorial integrity, and functioning state institutions as the foundation of order, while viewing state fragmentation, civil conflict, and the empowerment of non-state actors as sources of long-term instability," he said.”

Says the pact can be expected to cover capacity building, notes Saudi Arabia's dependence on importing defence products is not cost-effective, and states that Saudi Arabia and Turkey share concerns about Iran, with the pact expanding Saudi security.

“"We know that Saudi Arabia is dependent on importing their defence products, weapons or equipment, especially from the United States for decades, and we know that it’s not cost-effective and they need to build their own defence sector inside Saudi Arabia," Aslan said. "Turkiye and Saudi Arabia share two different issues: First of all, Iran, and you can add Pakistan to that… have shared borders and there is a great sense of threat in the minds of Saudis that Iran may have an impact on their security, so this pact will somehow [expand] their security," he added.”

Writes that closer defence ties reflect a hard-won realisation that security in the neighbourhood can no longer be left at the mercy of rivalry between the US and Israel on one side and Iran on the other, and notes the war lent the realisation fresh and urgent impetus.

“"Many officials in these countries had reached this conclusion before the US and Israel launched their assault on Iran in late February. But the war and subsequent Iranian retaliation, including both missile and drone strikes on Gulf Arab states and closure of the Strait of Hormuz, lent it fresh and urgent impetus," she said.”

Alleged that Turkey is the new Iran and said Ankara is trying to turn Saudi Arabia against Israel and build a hostile Sunni axis with Pakistan.

Announced the signing of the historic joint defence agreement on his personal account.

“« الحمد لله»، تم توقيع الاتفاقية التاريخية.” ar

Stated that the defence agreement stipulates any armed attack against one of the three states is an attack on all, aims to enhance peace and security, reflects a shared commitment to strengthening security, and does not cancel or replace any bilateral or multilateral agreements.

“أن اتفاقية الدفاع تنص على أن أى هجوم مسلح ضد أى من الدول الثلاث يعد هجوما عليها جميعا” ar

Stated that the Saudi crown prince received the Turkish president and Pakistani prime minister at Al-Safa Palace in Mecca for official talks, and that the signed agreement reflects the will of the three states to enhance collective security and build a secure and prosperous future, stemming from deep historical relations and Islamic solidarity.

“تعكس إرادة الدول الثلاث فى تعزيز أمنها الجماعى، وتشجيع السلام والأمن والاستقرار فى المنطقة والعالم، وبناء مستقبل آمن ومزدهر معا” ar

States the trilateral military alliance reflects a recognition that US deterrence has significantly weakened and that the Iranian threat will increasingly need to be managed by regional powers.

States that army chief Asim Munir and President Erdogan discussed forming a new regional security structure and cooperation to respond to Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia and Red Sea ships during talks in Ankara last month.

States the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement is a historic step toward strengthening shared history and solidarity on a strategic foundation, does not target any specific country, enhances the security and collective deterrence of the three countries, and contributes to strengthening defence industry cooperation among them.

“«أن اتفاقية مكة للدفاع المشترك خطوة تاريخية نحو تعزيز تاريخنا المشترك وإرادتنا الصلبة فى التضامن وترسيخها على أرضية استراتيجية». وأوضح أن اتفاقية الدفاع المشترك لا تستهدف أية دولة بعينها، وإنما تعزز أمن البلدان الثلاثة (تركيا والسعودية وباكستان)، وردعها الجماعى وتساهم فى تعزيز التعاون بينها بالصناعات الدفاعية” ar

Stated the agreement does not represent a military axis or sectarian bloc and is not linked to nuclear ambitions.

Says the deal shows a desire to diversify alliances beyond the US and build capacity to protect interests when Washington cannot.

Says the alignment is oriented towards countering Iran's new strategic approach of dominating the Gulf region.

Announced the signing of a joint defence agreement, stating that any armed attack against one of the three states is considered an attack on all, that the agreement aims to promote peace, security, and stability in the region and beyond, reflects a shared commitment to strengthening security, and does not cancel or replace any bilateral or multilateral agreements.

“اتفاقية الدفاع تنص على أن أي هجوم مسلح ضد أي من الدول الثلاث يعد هجوما عليها جميعا” ar

States the agreement embodies the depth of fraternal and strategic relations between the three countries, reflects their commitment to enhancing collective security, and contributes to creating a more secure and stable regional environment.

Describe the agreement as a defence-oriented cooperation arrangement that targets no country, complements existing alliances including NATO, strengthens regional security, is entirely defensive under Article 51 of the UN Charter, and is open to participation by other regional countries. They state the regional security architecture has been redesigned with the Mecca Agreement and call it a pillar of peace, stability, and security in the region.

“the agreement is a defense-oriented cooperation arrangement that targets no country and is designed to strengthen commitments to regional and global peace, stability and prosperity through burden-sharing and a common security approach. They described the agreement as the tangible outcome of long-term diplomatic efforts carried out under the principle of regional ownership to establish a common framework for addressing growing regional and international security threats. The officials said the agreement complements existing alliances rather than replacing them, strengthens regional security and remains open to participation by other regional countries, describing it as “a pillar of peace, stability and security in the region.” They said Türkiye's NATO membership and its regional partnerships are "complementary rather than alternative" frameworks that strengthen security burden-sharing. The Mecca agreement is "not an aggressive military bloc, containment initiative or offensive plan," they said, but a defensive arrangement that contributes to regional stability and the goal of a “terror-free region.” The officials stressed the agreement "targets no country," keeps dialogue channels open and reaffirms the parties' commitment to collective defense and mutual security under Article 51 of the UN Charter. They also described the pact as "entirely defensive," strengthening defense industry cooperation and military interoperability. Calling the agreement "historic" for the region and the Islamic world, the officials said: “The regional security architecture has been redesigned with the Mecca Agreement.””

States that a paper agreement with Turkey and Pakistan will not guarantee Saudi Arabia's security, just as years of unilateral support for the Americans did not, and urges Riyadh to reform its policies so it does not have to beg for security from others.

“"I sauditi devono capire che un accordo di carta con Turchia e Pakistan non garantirà loro la sicurezza, così come anni di sostegno unilaterale agli americani non l'hanno garantita. Riformate le vostre politiche in modo da non dover implorare la sicurezza altrui"” it

Warned that the paper agreement with Turkey and Pakistan will not bring Saudi Arabia security, just as years of unilateral milking of the Americans did not.

“The Saudis should know that a paper agreement with Turkey and Pakistan does not bring them security, just as years of unilateral milking of the Americans did not bring them security”

Stated that the pact is purely defensive in nature.

Said the deal offers opportunities for Turkey's significant defence industries through joint production, technology partnerships, procurement, and greater military interoperability.

Stressed that the agreement is not an alternative to NATO, is purely defensive, and does not target any third country.

Said Turkey wants to play a joint and effective role alongside Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in addressing regional crises.

Stated that a paper agreement with Turkey and Pakistan will not bring security to Saudi Arabia.

“سعودی‌ها باید بدانند که توافق کاغذی با ترکیه و پاکستان برای آنها امنیت‌آور نیست” fa

Said the agreement is not linked to any nuclear ambitions and does not threaten any country in the region.

Says Turkey's inclusion will increase India's concerns, as Turkey and Pakistan are already openly against India.

Announced the signing of the Makkah Joint Defense Agreement, stating it reflects a shared commitment to strengthening collective security and promoting peace, and is intended to strengthen collective deterrence, stipulating that any armed attack against one is an attack against all.

“The Agreement is intended to strengthen collective deterrence against any act of aggression, and stipulates that any armed attack against any one of the three States shall be regarded as an attack against them all.”

Said the pact includes a collective defence clause, is purely defensive in nature, pledging mutual support only for defence, is not directed against any specific actor, is open to other regional countries, and does not abrogate or replace existing arrangements.

“The pact includes a collective defence clause. It is purely defensive in nature, pledging mutual support only for defence”

Said the political symbolism of the summit is significant, demonstrating a growing willingness among regional and middle powers to coordinate more closely on security matters, and that the trilateral framework could strengthen collective diplomatic and defense weight while contributing to a more regionally driven security architecture.

“The political symbolism of the summit is significant. Three of the Muslim world's most influential states are convening at a moment of heightened uncertainty, demonstrating a growing willingness among regional and middle powers to coordinate more closely on security matters”

Said Pakistan and Turkey bring strong defence industries to the table, while Saudi Arabia could contribute with technological spending, but the accord would likely not include a nuclear component with Pakistan's atomic deterrent focused on India.

Described the signing as a historic day for Pakistan, saying the pact reflected growing recognition of the country's defence capabilities, would take relations to a new level, and was aimed at strengthening defence cooperation as a form of deterrence rather than aggression.

Said Islamabad and Ankara bring strong defence industries to the table, while Riyadh could contribute with technological spending.

Described the signing as a historic pact, saying the three countries were united by faith, friendship and a shared commitment to peace and security, and that the pact would serve as a shield of peace for generations.

“shield of peace”

Said the signing underscored the depth of fraternal and strategic relations between the three countries, marked an important milestone in defence cooperation, and reflected their shared desire to coordinate efforts to address challenges and threats affecting regional security and stability.

Said the agreement does not represent an effort to establish a military axis or a sectarian bloc, is not linked to any nuclear ambitions or arms race, does not constitute a threat to any country in the region, and does not supersede or replace any existing bilateral or multilateral agreements.

“does not represent an effort to establish a military axis or a sectarian bloc”

Describes the pact as a historic agreement that will serve as a shield of peace for generations and bring prosperity to the three countries and the wider Muslim world.

“the prime minister said he was honoured to sign the agreement alongside the Saudi crown prince and the Turkish president. He said the pact would serve as a “shield of peace” for generations and expressed hope that it would bring prosperity to the three countries and the wider Muslim world.”

States the agreement underscores the depth of fraternal and strategic relations, marks an important milestone in defence cooperation, and embodies the shared political will to safeguard security and support a more secure regional environment.

“Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan said that the signing of the joint defence agreement by the crown prince, the president of Türkiye and the prime minister of Pakistan underscored the depth of the fraternal and strategic relations between the three countries. He said the agreement marked an important milestone in their defence cooperation and reflected their shared desire to coordinate efforts to address challenges and threats affecting regional security and stability.”

Insists the agreement does not represent an effort to establish a military axis or a sectarian bloc, is not linked to nuclear ambitions or an arms race, and does not threaten any country or supersede existing agreements.

“the agreement “does not represent an effort to establish a military axis or a sectarian bloc”. “Nor is it linked to any nuclear ambitions or arms race; rather, it is focused on building sustainable capabilities,” he wrote on X. He noted that the deal “does not constitute a threat to the security of any country in the region, nor does it represent an escalation of tensions between any two states”. The Saudi official further said the agreement “does not supersede or replace any existing bilateral or multilateral agreements between these countries”.”

States the pact targets no country, remains open to participation of other friendly nations, and reaffirms the right to self-defence under Article 51 of the UN Charter.

“Turkish President Erdogan also reiterated this sentiment, saying that the pact targets no country and remains open to participation of other friendly nations seeking peace, prosperity and stability in the region. In a post on the Turkish social platform NSosyal, Erdogan said on Friday the agreement, based on the principle of collective deterrence, would strengthen security and defence cooperation, joint defence industry projects and counterterrorism efforts. He said the agreement also reaffirms the right to self-defence as defined under Article 51 of the UN Charter. “The agreement does not target any country and is open to the participation of all brotherly countries seeking peace, prosperity and stability in our region,” Erdogan said.”

Describes the signing as a historic day for Pakistan, saying the pact reflects growing recognition of the country's defence capabilities and will take relations between the three nations to a new level.

“Information Minister Attaullah Tarar, while talking to a private TV channel, described the signing of the joint defence agreement between the three states as a “historic day” for Pakistan, saying the pact reflected growing recognition of the country’s defence capabilities and strengthened ties among the three nations.”

Cautions against reading the pact as evidence of a post-American Middle East, saying it fits the broader US preference for greater regional burden-sharing, and notes the signatories have their own sets of interests and the deal does not mean unanimous consensus on all regional challenges.

“Burcu Ozcelik, a Senior Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute (Rusi), called the pact the product of ongoing regional efforts and cautioned against reading into it as “evidence of a post-American Middle East”. “If anything, it fits the broader US preference for greater regional burden-sharing, regional powers assuming more responsibility for deterrence and security while remaining embedded, to different degrees, within a US-centred security architecture,” she wrote on X. She noted that the signatories have their own sets of interests, priorities and existing commitments and that the agreement demonstrates a common direction. Still, the deal does not mean “unanimous consensus on all regional challenges or how to resolve them”.”

Says the pact underscores the depth of fraternal and strategic relations, marks an important milestone in defence cooperation, and embodies the shared political will to safeguard security and support a more secure regional environment.

“Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan said the pact underscored the depth of the fraternal and strategic relations between the three countries. He said the agreement marked an important milestone in their defence cooperation and embodied the three countries’ shared political will to safeguard security, support a more secure regional environment and pave the way for greater development and prosperity.”

Says the deal shows a clear desire to diversify alliances beyond the United States, with Saudi Arabia wanting several layers of security rather than one American umbrella, while Turkey and Pakistan gain political clout and access to potential Saudi investments.

“Andreas Krieg of King’s College London said the deal showed a clear desire to diversify alliances beyond the United States. “Saudi Arabia, Turkiye and Pakistan are not trying to replace the United States. They are building the capacity to protect their interests when Washington cannot or will not do so.” Riyadh, in particular, he said, “wants several layers of security rather than one American umbrella”, after the shock of the Iran war.”

Hails the agreement as a historic development and a good omen for the Muslim Ummah, saying it will prove to be a fundamental pillar for stability, security, and promotion of mutual brotherhood.

“Former federal minister Khawaja Saad Rafique took to X and hailed the agreement as “a historic development and a good omen for the Muslim Ummah”. “This agreement will prove to be a fundamental pillar for the stability, security and promotion of mutual brotherhood of the Ummah,” he wrote.”

Calls the agreement a welcome and timely development, describing it as the first Pan-Islamic military institutional initiative among key Muslim countries independent of the West, a big blow to Israel and the Abraham Accords, and good for Pakistan's security given the emerging India-Israeli axis.

“Former federal minister Mushahid Hussain called the agreement a “welcome and timely development at a crucial moment of turbulence and transformation”. “Today’s pact has a three-fold significance. This is the first Pan-Islamic military institutional initiative among three key Muslim countries, independent of the West,” he wrote. “Second, this Muslim Defence Pact is [a] big blow to Israel and [the] ‘Abraham Accords’, as it would be an effective counter to Israeli expansionism,” Hussain added. “Third, it’s good for Pakistan’s security, given the emerging India-Israeli Axis, which has [the] backing of some regional regimes as well.””

Calls the agreement a positive development and another step towards a regionally owned and operated security architecture.

“Ilhan Naz, the author of Old World Empires, took to X and called the agreement, “A positive development & another step towards a regionally owned and operated security architecture.””

Described the signing as a 'historic day' for Pakistan, reflecting growing recognition of its defense capabilities.

Says the pact is a culmination of regional efforts and fits the US preference for greater regional burden-sharing.

Called the pact a 'big blow to Israel' and an effective counter to Israeli expansionism.

Stated that the agreement stipulates any armed attack on one of the three states is considered an attack on all, and that the pact is intended to strengthen collective deterrence against any aggression.

“dass jeder bewaffnete Angriff auf einen der drei Staaten als ein Angriff auf sie alle betrachtet wird” de

Warned Saudi Arabia that the new security pact with Turkey and Pakistan will not bring them security, and urged them to reform their policies so they do not need to beg for security from others.

“Saudis must know that a paper agreement with Turkey and Pakistan will not bring them security, just as years of one-sided nursing to the Americans did not bring them security”

Said the agreement was purely defensive in nature and open to any regional neighbours who might want to sign on, and does not replace or negate previous bilateral or multilateral agreements, nor is it directed at any one actor or threat.

Said the attacks on pro-government forces in Marib were in response to Saudi military support for Yemen's government, stating the Saudi enemy continued to mobilise and incite its forces.

“The Saudi enemy continued to mobilise and incite its forces... these forces were attacked along with their arsenals, vehicles and military equipment in the Sahn al-Jinn camp with a large number of missiles and drones”

Stated that shelling by the terrorist Houthi militia targeted residential neighborhoods and displacement camps in Marib.

“shelling by the terrorist Houthi militia today, Friday, targeting residential neighborhoods and displacement camps in the city of Marib”

Said the war in Iran is significantly impacting its operations, with 15 vessels targeted since the conflict began, and called for freedom of navigation to be respected and protected.

“Freedom of navigation and the safe, uninterrupted passage of commercial shipping through international waterways must be respected and protected without threat, harassment or attack.”

Said it will take much longer than two years to replenish US ATACMS stockpiles depleted by the Iran conflict, and that there will be a market for missiles for the next 15 years.

“Naturally, there will also be sufficient capacity to replenish the US military arsenals depleted by the conflict involving Iran. That won't happen in two years. It will take much longer.”

Published data showing the Iran war will slow global business growth to 3% in 2026, drive up global inflation by a full percentage point to 4.5%, and warned of a stagflation shock.

Accused the Houthi rebels of using indiscriminate shelling against civilian objects, wounding 11 civilians including Saudis, Egyptians, a Yemeni, and a Pakistani.

“using indiscriminate shelling against civilian objects”

Announces the signing of the pact, guided by historical ties, Islamic brotherhood, and common strategic interests, and states that any armed attack against one is an attack against all.

““guiados por los lazos históricos de larga data entre los tres Estados, basados en los vínculos duraderos de hermandad y solidaridad islámica que los unen, y partiendo de sus intereses estratégicos comunes y de su cooperación en materia de defensa, que viene de lejos”” es

Declares that there is no security for invading Saudi forces, their mercenaries, or their camps on Yemeni territory.

““No hay seguridad para las fuerzas saudíes invasoras, ni para sus mercenarios, ni para sus campamentos en nuestro territorio”” es

Announces plans to create an international defence coalition to protect maritime and energy supply routes in the Red Sea, with 14 countries issuing a joint statement of support.

States that intelligence from Saudi Arabia, the US, and other countries indicates imminent coordinated attacks by Iraqi militias and Houthis on civilian and economic targets, under Iranian supervision.

Reports that the group has attacked eight Saudi oil tankers since announcing a blockade on July 20 and claims to have forced 29 others to turn back in the Red and Arabian Seas.

Says the new bloc exists because the GCC is unlikely to unify on Iran and serves as a vehicle for Saudi Arabia to project Arab leadership.

States the agreement is intended to strengthen collective deterrence and stipulates that any armed attack against one is regarded as an attack on all.

“"The Agreement is intended to strengthen collective deterrence against any act of aggression, and stipulates that any armed attack against any one of the three States shall be regarded as an attack against them all"”

Says the pact is purely defensive, not against any specific actor, open to other regional countries, and does not abrogate existing agreements.

Claims an attack on a military camp held by the Saudi-backed Yemeni government in Marib province, stating the Saudi enemy was attacked with missiles and drones.

“"The Saudi enemy continued to mobilise and incite its forces ... these forces were attacked along with their arsenals, vehicles and military equipment in the Sahn al-Jinn camp with a large number of missiles and drones"”

Reports that Houthi shelling on residential neighbourhoods and displacement camps in Marib killed two civilians and injured 14 others.

“"Shelling by the terrorist Houthi militia today, Friday, targeting residential neighbourhoods and displacement camps in the city of Marib, has resulted – according to an initial toll – in the deaths of two civilians and injuries of varying severity to 14 others"”

States it is significantly impacted by unprovoked attacks, with 15 vessels attacked since the conflict began, leaving one crew member dead and 20 injured.

Says the pact is not an effort to establish a military axis or sectarian bloc, is not linked to nuclear ambitions, and does not threaten any country's security or escalate tensions.

“"The agreement does not represent an effort to establish a military axis or a sectarian bloc. Nor is it linked to any nuclear ambitions or arms race, rather it is focused on building sustainable capabilities"”

States that the agreement is not in contradiction with Turkey's commitments to existing international alliances, including NATO, and is responding to baseless claims.

“"The agreement is not in contradiction with the commitments of Turkey's existing international alliances, including those at the heart of NATO"”

Says progress is being made between Iran and Oman on the Strait of Hormuz and expects a deal soon, after which the US will lift its blockade of Iranian ports.

“"There is progress between Oman and Iran on the Strait, and we expect a deal soon. Once the deal is announced to restore commercial shipping without impediments, the US will lift the blockade of Iranian ports."”

Praises Iran's armed forces for demonstrating readiness against the world's most expensive military and urges Muslim countries to unite and rely on themselves against hostile outsiders.

Targets two major cryptocurrency exchanges with sanctions to dismantle illegal financial networks funding Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and other groups.

States that Iraq will not allow its territory to be used to launch actions targeting any other country, reiterating Baghdad's commitment to protecting its sovereignty.

Says Lebanon and Israel have agreed on a shortlist of countries that could send troops to verify Hezbollah's disarmament, with the US to choose from the list.

Insists the Mecca Agreement is not aimed at any particular country and will strengthen shared security and collective deterrence, contributing to regional peace and stability.

“"The Mecca Agreement, which is not aimed at any particular country, will strengthen the shared security and collective deterrence of the three nations ... thereby making significant contributions to the preservation of peace and stability in our region"”

Says the agreement is focused on counterbalancing Iranian hegemony in the region and building deterrence against Israel rather than moving towards a confrontation with Tehran.

“Burcu Ozcelik, senior research fellow for Middle East Security at the RUSI think tank, said the agreement was focused on counterbalancing Iranian hegemony in the region and building deterrence against Israel rather than moving towards a confrontation with Tehran. "I think the objective is very much the opposite," Ozcelik said.”

Says the trilateral framework could strengthen the three countries' collective diplomatic and defence weight while contributing to the emergence of a more regionally driven security architecture.

“"Three of the Muslim world's most influential states are convening at a moment of heightened uncertainty, demonstrating a growing willingness among regional and middle powers to coordinate more closely on security matters," said Abdulaziz Sager, chairman of the Gulf Research Center, a Saudi-based think tank. "The trilateral framework could strengthen the three countries' collective diplomatic and defence weight while contributing to the emergence of a more regionally driven security architecture," Sager added.”

States the accord does not represent an effort to establish a military axis or a sectarian bloc and is not linked to any nuclear ambitions or arms race.

“Rayed Krimly, Saudi deputy minister for public diplomacy, said in a social media post that the accord does not represent an effort to establish a military axis or a sectarian bloc. "Nor is it linked to any nuclear ambitions or arms race," he said.”

States the agreement is not aimed at any specific country.

“Turkish Vice President Cevdet Yilmaz said the agreement was not aimed at any specific country.”

Says the pact is a development that India is closely following.

Declined to comment on the pact.

Says the agreement is one of the clearest signs that the Middle East is moving away from a US-centric security order.

Says the rapprochement is clearly oriented against Iran and aims to counter Tehran's strategy to dominate the Gulf.

Announces the signing of the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, stating it aims to strengthen collective deterrence and that an attack on one is an attack on all, while enhancing defence cooperation in all areas.

““Üç devlet arasındaki köklü tarihi bağlardan, kardeşlik ve İslami dayanışma temelindeki kalıcı ilişkilerden hareketle, ortak stratejik çıkarları ve uzun yıllara dayanan savunma iş birliğini daha da ileri taşımak amacıyla... Mekke Ortak Savunma Anlaşmasını imzalamıştır.”” tr

States the agreement is based on deep historical ties, brotherhood, and Islamic solidarity, and aims to strengthen collective security and promote peace and stability in the region and beyond.

““Anlaşma, her türlü saldırganlığa karşı kolektif caydırıcılığı güçlendirmeyi amaçlamakta ve üç devletten herhangi birine karşı gerçekleştirilecek bir silahlı saldırının hepsine karşı yapılmış sayılacağını hükme bağlamaktadır.”” tr

Expresses honour in signing the historic agreement, stating the three brotherly countries are united by faith, friendship, and a common determination for peace and security, and wishes it brings prosperity to the Ummah.

““Haremeyn'in gölgesinde imzalanan bu tarihi anlaşmanın, gelecek nesiller için bir barış kalkanı olarak kalmasını ve üç kardeş ülkenin yanı sıra ümmete de refah getirmesini diliyorum.”” tr

States the agreement does not represent a military axis or sectarian bloc, is not linked to nuclear ambitions, and does not replace existing bilateral or multilateral agreements.

““Bu anlaşma, askeri bir eksen veya mezhepsel bir blok oluşturma çabası anlamına gelmiyor. Ayrıca nükleer emellerle veya silahlanma yarışıyla da bağlantılı değil, aksine sürdürülebilir yetenekler geliştirmeye odaklanıyor.”” tr

Describes the agreement as a historic step contributing to the region's security architecture, not targeting any country, and expects it to accelerate economic cooperation in connectivity, trade, finance, and investment.

““Dost ve kardeş ülkeler Suudi Arabistan ile Pakistan arasında imzalanan Mekke Ortak Savunma Anlaşması, bölgemizin güvenlik mimarisine katkı sağlayacak tarihi bir adımdır.”” tr

Previously stated that Turkey's progress in the defence industry is followed with interest by Saudi Arabia, and that Saudi Arabia could make joint investments in the KAAN National Combat Aircraft.

““Ülkemizin savunma sanayi alanında aldığı mesafe bütün dünya gibi Suudi Arabistan tarafından da ilgiyle takip ediliyor. Biz savunma sanayisinde öncelikle kendi ihtiyaçlarımızı karşılamaya odaklanmış bulunuyoruz.”” tr

Expresses honour at signing the agreement and hopes it remains a shield of peace for future generations and brings prosperity to the three brotherly countries and the Ummah.

“"Haremeyn'in gölgesinde imzalanan bu tarihi anlaşmanın, gelecek nesiller için bir barış kalkanı olarak kalmasını ve üç kardeş ülkenin yanı sıra ümmete de refah getirmesini diliyorum."” tr

States the agreement does not represent a military axis or sectarian bloc, is not linked to nuclear ambitions or an arms race, and does not threaten any country's security or supersede existing agreements.

“"Bu anlaşma, askeri bir eksen veya mezhepsel bir blok oluşturma çabası anlamına gelmiyor. Ayrıca nükleer emellerle veya silahlanma yarışıyla da bağlantılı değil, aksine sürdürülebilir yetenekler geliştirmeye odaklanıyor."” tr

Describes the agreement as a historic step that strengthens common security, deterrence, defence industry cooperation, and regional stability, and expects it to accelerate economic cooperation in connectivity, trade, finance, and investment.

“"Dost ve kardeş ülkeler Suudi Arabistan ile Pakistan arasında imzalanan Mekke Ortak Savunma Anlaşması, bölgemizin güvenlik mimarisine katkı sağlayacak tarihi bir adımdır. Herhangi bir ülkeyi hedef almayan bu anlaşma, ortak güvenlik, caydırıcılık, savunma sanayii işbirliği ve bölgesel istikrar anlayışını güçlendirirken Türkiye’nin barış odaklı dış politika vizyonunu ve çok boyutlu stratejik işbirliklerini daha da ileri taşımaktadır. Bu anlaşmayla güvenlik alanında oluşan stratejik işbirliği ruhunun bağlantısallık, ticaret, finans ve yatırım başta olmak üzere ekonomik işbirliklerine de ivme kazandırmasını bekliyoruz."” tr

Previously signalled defence industry cooperation with Saudi Arabia, stating Turkey focuses on meeting its own needs first while also striving to meet the needs of friends and brothers, and suggested Saudi Arabia could make joint investments in the KAAN National Combat Aircraft.

Adds that the pact is purely defensive and does not abrogate any existing agreements the countries have with other states.

States the agreement is focused on counterbalancing Iranian hegemony in the region and building deterrence against Israel rather than moving towards a confrontation with Tehran.

“"I think the objective is very much the opposite"”

States that three of the Muslim world's most influential states are convening at a moment of heightened uncertainty, demonstrating a growing willingness to coordinate on security, and that the trilateral framework could strengthen collective diplomatic and defense weight while contributing to a more regionally driven security architecture.

“"Three of the Muslim world's most influential states are convening at a moment of heightened uncertainty, demonstrating a growing willingness among regional and middle powers to coordinate more closely on security matters"”

Says the accord does not represent an effort to establish a military axis or a sectarian bloc, nor is it linked to any nuclear ambitions or arms race.

“"Nor is it linked to any nuclear ambitions or arms race"”

Says the agreement is not aimed at any specific country.

Declined to comment on the pact.

Says the pact is a development that India is closely following.

Criticizes the deal, stating a paper agreement with Turkey and Pakistan will not bring Saudi Arabia security, just as years of one-sided 'milking' by the Americans did not, and calls on the kingdom to change its policies.

“"The Saudis should know that a paper agreement with Turkey and Pakistan will not bring them security, just as years of one-sided ‘milking’ by the Americans did not bring them security. Change your policies so that you do not have to #BegForSecurity from others"” English

Describes the agreement as a historic pact that will serve as a shield of peace for the three countries and the wider Muslim community, and praises the army chief's efforts.

“"historic pact"” English

States the agreement is based on collective deterrence, will deepen defence cooperation and joint industry projects, reaffirms the right of defence under Article 51 of the UN Charter, targets no country, and is open to participation by all brotherly countries aiming for regional peace, prosperity, and stability.

“"The agreement, which also reaffirms the right of defense as defined in Article 51 of the UN Charter, targets no country and is open to the participation of all brotherly countries that aim for the peace, prosperity, and stability of our region"” English

Describes the agreement as purely defensive in nature and not against any specific actor, and states it does not annul or replace any existing bilateral or multilateral agreements.

“"purely defensive in nature"” English

Describes the agreement as a natural evolution and formalization of decades of strategic ties, driven by a changing regional security environment, and states it is purely defensive with collective deterrence intended to raise the cost of aggression.

“"purely defensive"” English

Downplays the risks the pact poses to Tehran, arguing Iran has already shown it can stand up to the US and Israel, and questions whether the power of these three countries is greater than the pressure created by the US and Israel.

“"What difference does it make? Will it be more difficult than the pressure the U.S. and Israel have created on Iran? Is the power of the U.S. and Israel greater or these three countries?"” English

States Turkey and Pakistan are unlikely to send large numbers of troops to assist Saudi Arabia, and the deal is expected to allow deeper coordination in diplomacy, defence production, and technology transfer, with Saudi capital boosting the defence sectors of Turkey and Pakistan.

“"Token deployments are possible, but it is doubtful that Ankara and Islamabad want to become heavily involved in an anti-Houthi military operation. Pakistan, which already held a bilateral collective defense pact with Saudi Arabia, has not been a significant partner in anti-Houthi operations so far"” English

States the agreement is the culmination of the countries' shared concerns over regional fragmentation, civil conflict, and armed non-state groups, reflecting a growing desire for greater regional stability.

“"This is a reflection of their growing desire for greater regional stability"” English

States that the agreement was under discussion for a long time but the latest developments in the region expedited it.

“"It was under discussion for a long time but the latest developments in the region expedites it"”

States the agreement promotes peace, security, and stability in the region and beyond, and demonstrates a shared commitment to strengthening collective security for a safe and prosperous future.

States that if this defence agreement happens, the Middle East could enter a new era and many things could change.

States that Israel is among the main parties undermining regional stability and pursuing expansionist ambitions.

States the agreement had been under discussion for a long time but the region's recent situation accelerated its implementation.

Confirms the agreement will be signed today.

States that although the visit is taking place against the backdrop of intense tensions in the Gulf region, its significance will go beyond immediate crises and short-term considerations.

States the pact contains a collective defence clause, is purely defensive, commits only to mutual assistance in self-defence, is not aimed at any specific country or party, is open to other regional countries, and does not cancel or replace any existing bilateral or multilateral agreements.

“তুরস্কের এক কর্মকর্তা বার্তা সংস্থা রয়টার্সকে বলেন, ‘চুক্তিতে সম্মিলিত প্রতিরক্ষার একটি ধারা রয়েছে। এটি পুরোপুরি প্রতিরক্ষামূলক। এতে শুধু আত্মরক্ষার ক্ষেত্রে পারস্পরিক সহায়তার অঙ্গীকার করা হয়েছে।’ নাম প্রকাশ না করার শর্তে এই কর্মকর্তা জানান, এই চুক্তি কোনো নির্দিষ্ট দেশ বা পক্ষকে লক্ষ্য করে করা হয়নি। আঞ্চলিক অন্যান্য দেশের এতে যোগ দেওয়ার সুযোগ রয়েছে। পাশাপাশি এটি বিদ্যমান কোনো দ্বিপক্ষীয় বা বহুপক্ষীয় চুক্তি বাতিল বা প্রতিস্থাপন করে না।” bn

Specifies that any armed attack against one of the three states will be considered an attack against them all.

“« Toute attaque armée contre l'un des trois États sera considérée comme une attaque contre eux tous »” fr

Sees the pact as an important contribution to the preservation of peace in the region.

Denies any link between the accord and nuclear ambitions, and assures the pact does not target any country in the region.

Describes the pact as an extension of the Pakistani-Saudi defence agreement to Turkey, notes that the US-Iran war exposed Saudi Arabia's lack of military and diplomatic deterrence, and frames the pact as a synthesis of military and diplomatic dimensions uniting the region's main actors against Israeli and Iranian expansionist tendencies.

“«C'est une extension du pacte de l'accord de défense pakistano-saoudien à la Turquie»” fr

States the accord is one of the clearest signs yet that the Middle East is moving away from a security order organized exclusively by the US, with Riyadh seeking to diversify its defence and become the sponsor of regional security, while Ankara and Islamabad seek influence and Saudi investment.

“« l'un des signes les plus clairs à ce jour que le Moyen-Orient s'éloigne d'un ordre sécuritaire organisé exclusivement par les États-Unis »” fr

Believes the rapprochement is clearly oriented against Iran, responding to Tehran's strategy of increasing its influence in the Gulf and controlling maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb.

“« clairement orienté contre l'Iran »” fr

State the agreement focuses on technology transfers from Turkey to Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, intelligence sharing, and building air defence capabilities in Saudi Arabia, with Saudi money flowing into Turkey's defence industry.

State the Iran war and its regional and global effects are a reason for forging the defence pact at this time.

State the agreement is not intended as targeted deterrence against Iran, but would become significant if the US withdraws from the region and Saudi Arabia feels more vulnerable to potential Israeli escalation.

Declares the agreement is not aimed at any specific country.

“"không nhằm vào bất kỳ quốc gia cụ thể nào"” vi

States the agreement does not represent an effort to establish a military bloc or political factional alliance, nor is it linked to any nuclear ambitions or arms race, but focuses on building sustainable capabilities.

“"Thỏa thuận này cũng không liên quan đến bất kỳ tham vọng hạt nhân hay cuộc đua vũ trang nào, mà tập trung vào việc xây dựng các năng lực bền vững"” vi

States the agreement shows a clear desire by the countries to diversify alliances and not depend solely on the US, building capacity to protect their own interests when Washington cannot or will not, and that Riyadh wants multiple layers of security after the shock of the Iran war.

“"Arab Saudi, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ và Pakistan không tìm cách thay thế vai trò của Mỹ. Họ chỉ đang xây dựng năng lực để tự bảo vệ lợi ích của mình trong những trường hợp Washington không thể hoặc không sẵn sàng làm điều đó"” vi

States the trilateral cooperation is clearly aimed at Iran and to counter Tehran's strategy of expanding influence across the Gulf, and that Turkey and Pakistan sharing a border with Iran creates a different form of leverage.

“"rõ ràng nhắm vào Iran và để đối phó với chiến lược mở rộng ảnh hưởng trên toàn vùng Vịnh của Tehran"” vi

Said the agreement reflects the shared commitment of the three countries to strengthening their collective security.