President Donald Trump dismissed calls from the heads of Anthropic, OpenAI, Google DeepMind, and xAI to slow frontier AI development as a "sick conspiracy," while China's Foreign Ministry rejected the same appeals as "fear-mongering," and critics accused the labs of using safety rhetoric to entrench market dominance [3][4][24][21].

Trump's intervention, delivered in a Truth Social post and remarks to reporters in Ireland, framed AI regulation as benefiting only China: "There is a SICK conspiracy going on against AI and Data Centers, and the only one that is happy about it is China" [9][4]. Trump said the only guardrail AI needs is "a STRONG AND SMART (High IQ!) PRESIDENT" and said his administration had already stopped Anthropic from doing bad things [27][3]. He insisted the United States leads China in AI and that "whoever wins AI wins" [2][4]. House Speaker Mike Johnson said "we don't need everybody to panic right now" and warned that rushed regulation would put the US at a disadvantage in the race with China [17]. White House National Economic Council director Kevin Hassett said the bigger risk is "a malevolent actor has access to an AI that's better than the one we have that can protect us" [17].

Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei's September 13 essay, "We Must Pace the Frontier," proposed embedded independent evaluators with employee-like access to frontier labs, coordination among companies on safety standards, and international government cooperation [7][22]. Amodei warned that within six to twelve months, an AI agent swarm could take over the entire internet with a persistent botnet, potentially causing hundreds of billions of dollars in damage [2][42]. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman committed to the same independent-evaluator model, Elon Musk posted agreement, and Google DeepMind's Demis Hassabis called it "the right path forward" [7][24][31]. Former President Barack Obama told a fundraiser that AI would be a central plank of his platform if he were a candidate and welcomed Amodei's call [1].

Former Anthropic researcher Jacob Coxon, whose resignation preceded the essay, said staff were "genuinely frightened" and that "the people building AI earnestly believe that it could kill us all by the end of the decade" [25][22]. Coxon called for "some sort of coordinated slowdown with China, if we're going to avoid a race at an international scale" [6]. Anthropic alignment researcher Evan Hubinger said he personally thinks the risk of human extinction from AI is greater than 10 percent within the next decade [33]. Current OpenAI and Anthropic staff — including OpenAI chief scientist Jakub Pachocki, safety team member Julie Steele, and researchers Samuel Marks, Jasmine Wang, and Anna Wang — publicly backed a slowdown [32]. Anthropic co-founder Jack Clark told the BBC that an AI "kill switch" triggerable by a third party may be necessary [31].

China's rejection placed Beijing alongside Trump's position, though on different grounds. Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun said "fomenting various threats, engaging in confrontation and malicious competition will only disrupt the process of global governance of artificial intelligence" [2][24]. State Security Minister Chen Yixin called AI "the main battleground for global technological competition" and warned that advanced US models including Anthropic's Claude Mythos and OpenAI's ChatGPT-5.5-Cyber could threaten China's critical information infrastructure [8][28]. Tsinghua University's Sun Chenghao said China fears AI safety warnings could serve as a pretext for tighter US export controls [29]. China is simultaneously building its own loss-of-control safety frameworks: the Cyberspace Administration of China released AI safety frameworks in 2024 and 2025, Xi Jinping has insisted AI should "always remain under human control," and China is accelerating broader AI legislation [28][6].

Critics in the United States accused the labs of self-interest. David Sacks, former AI advisor to Trump, said companies should "stop pretending the motivation to slow down is purely altruistic" and that demanding a preferred regulatory framework as the price of restraint "will look like blackmail of the public and the political system" [10][23]. Sacks said firms face product-liability exposure and are seeking state licensing to escape it while boosting valuations ahead of stock listings [21]. Entrepreneur Brian Roemmele called Amodei's essay "the IPO story in essay form: we are the responsible firm; we are the cure; buy the safety premium" [10]. Cohere CEO Aidan Gomez questioned whether a handful of market-dominant Silicon Valley AI companies should set global AI rules and safety standards [37]. A Chinese-origin commentary on 36Kr argued the slowdown framing is a bid to legislate away open-source competition and consolidate a US closed-model oligopoly [35].

Analysts questioned whether a coordinated slowdown is achievable. Ed Zitron said "nobody has given a substantive explanation of what 'slowdown' means" [25]. Deutsche Bank's Jim Reid said "it's difficult to imagine firms voluntarily stepping back while rivals continue to push ahead" [31]. AI expert Ernesto Lee said both Anthropic and OpenAI know they are heading toward a cliff edge but that whoever brakes alone loses the race [21]. RSIS assistant professor Chang Jun Yan said a US-China agreement is "very, very unlikely" because it sits at the core of each state's national security interests [6]. Kommersant noted that collective slowing may breach US antitrust law [42].

European institutions rejected a pause while warning of dependency. Germany's digital ministry said halting AI development in Europe is not viable [11]. ECB President Christine Lagarde said Europe must build its own "good enough" AI models and datacentres so the threat of being cut off by the US or China loses its force [15]. A strategy paper co-authored by former EU Commissioner Margrethe Vestager warned that Europe must not become a playing field for foreign powers [11]. Monika Schnitzer of the German Council of Economic Experts put Europe's needs at 45 gigawatts of additional energy for datacentres by 2030 and €1.3 trillion in investment [11]. Spain's Óscar López invoked nuclear non-proliferation-style mechanisms, while the UK said regulation must rest on demonstrable risks [20].

Civil-society and labor voices argued both the doom and race framings distract from present-day harms. Sustainable AI Group founder Sasha Luccioni said "I'm not worried about the existential risks of AI, I'm worried about the corporate greed of the companies that are creating it" [25]. UN AI adviser Wendy Hall likened the labs to a farmer who blames an escaped bull rather than his weak fences [25]. The Confederación Sindical de las Américas reported that AI is already affecting wages, working hours, performance evaluations, and dismissal decisions [43]. UN High Commissioner Volker Türk said voluntary self-regulation is "nowhere near sufficient" and that "no country can govern this technology alone" [22].

For the Global South, the IMF framed the risk as too little AI diffusion. IMF advisers estimated AI would add only 0.2 percent to sub-Saharan African GDP under current conditions but nearly 4 percent over a decade with the right foundations [40]. Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman called AI a double-edged sword and urged adoption with safeguards [46]. Thai civil-society voices described linguistic and infrastructural dependence on foreign AI as digital colonisation [38][39].

AI-linked stocks fell after the slowdown call: Nvidia dropped 3.3 to 3.4 percent, AMD 4 percent, ASML 6 percent, Samsung 4 to 5 percent, SK Hynix 6 percent, and SoftBank 11 to 13 percent [31][29][20]. The Mexican peso depreciated nearly 1 percent [12]. OpenAI put off its stock-market listing, and Anthropic reported a second consecutive quarter of positive adjusted operating income as it prepares to list [25][31].

The UN Security Council is scheduled to meet on AI, and King Charles III will host leading AI firms in Scotland [8][31]. Trump's Washington summit with Xi Jinping is set for September 24, with AI on the agenda [4][29][6].